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Cannabinoids · Cannabinoid receptor modulators

Tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabinol/cannabidiol

Original Wikipedia articleen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabinol/cannabidiol revision used (24 October 2026)

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Overview

Tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabinol/cannabidiol (THC/CBN/CBD), sold under the brand name Zenivol and also known by its developmental code name ZTL-101, is a cannabinoid medication used for the treatment of insomnia. It is approved and marketed in Germany.[1] WP

Drug class

Cannabinoids Cannabinoid receptor modulators WP

From the Wikipedia article's infobox.

Uses, dosage and effects

Medical uses

THC/CBN/CBD is indicated for the management of insomnia. Clinical trials have shown that it improves time to sleep, reduces nighttime awakenings, increases total sleep time, and enhances sleep quality and feeling refreshed after sleep.[2][3][4] WP

Available forms

The drug is administered sublingually as a liquid using a syringe about 1 hour before bedtime. Each 0.5 mL dose contains 10 mg δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 1 mg cannabinol (CBN), and 0.5 mg cannabidiol (CBD), corresponding to a 20:2:1 mg/mL ratio. One or two doses are typically taken per night.[1–4] WP

Risks and side effects

Adverse effects

Reported side effects are generally mild and resolve upon waking. They include dry mouth, dizziness, headache, and "feeling abnormal".[2][3][4] WP

Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of the formulation have been investigated and described in clinical studies.[4] WP

Pharmacodynamics

THC is a psychoactive cannabinoid acting as a CB₁ and CB₂ receptor partial agonist. CBN is a mildly psychoactive cannabinoid that also acts as a CB₁ and CB₂ receptor partial agonist. CBD does not act as an agonist at cannabinoid receptors but modulates the endocannabinoid system and other molecular targets. THC/CBN/CBD does not significantly alter sleep architecture, aside from a near-significant 3.5% reduction in REM sleep duration.[2][4][5][6] WP

History

History

THC/CBN/CBD was approved and launched as a pharmaceutical drug for insomnia in Germany in 2022. It was developed and is marketed by Zelira Therapeutics.[1] WP

Chemistry

Awaiting sourceFormula, structure and identifiers from PubChem.

Harm reduction information

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Sources

  1. Journal / agency Cannabidiol/tetrahydrocannabinol. 25 July 2022
  2. Journal / agency Maddison KJ, Kosky C, Walsh JH. Is There a Place for Medicinal Cannabis in Treating Patients with Sleep Disorders? What We Know so Far. Nature and Science of Sleep. 2022. doi:10.2147/NSS.S340949 · PMID 35611178 · PMC9124464
  3. Journal / agency Lavender I, McGregor IS, Suraev A, Grunstein RR, Hoyos CM. Cannabinoids, Insomnia, and Other Sleep Disorders. Chest. August 2022. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2022.04.151 · PMID 35537535
  4. Journal / agency Walsh JH, Maddison KJ, Rankin T, Murray K, McArdle N, Ree MJ, Hillman DR, Eastwood PR. Treating insomnia symptoms with medicinal cannabis: a randomized, crossover trial of the efficacy of a cannabinoid medicine compared with placebo. Sleep. November 2021. doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab149 · PMID 34115851 · PMC8598183
  5. Journal / agency Sampson PB. Phytocannabinoid Pharmacology: Medicinal Properties of Cannabis sativa Constituents Aside from the "Big Two". Journal of Natural Products. January 2021. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00965 · PMID 33356248
  6. Journal / agency Britch SC, Babalonis S, Walsh SL. Cannabidiol: pharmacology and therapeutic targets. Psychopharmacology. January 2021. doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05712-8 · PMID 33221931 · PMC7796924

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