Pitavastatin

Overview

Pitavastatin (usually as a calcium salt) is a member of the blood cholesterol lowering medication class of statins.[1] WP

Pitavastatin is an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyses the first step of cholesterol synthesis. WP

It was patented in 1987 and approved for medical use in 2003. It is available in Japan, South Korea and in India. In the US, it received FDA approval in 2009. Kowa Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Kowa Company, is the owner of the American patent to pitavastatin.[2][3][4] WP

Uses, dosage and effects

Medical uses

Pitavastatin is indicated for hypercholesterolaemia (elevated cholesterol) and for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. WP⚠ Wikipedia itself has flagged this text: citation needed.

A 2009 study of the 104-week LIVES trial found pitavastatin increased HDL cholesterol, especially in patients with HDL lower than 40 mg/dL, who had a 24.6% rise, in addition to reducing LDL cholesterol 31.3%. HDL improved in patients who switched from other statins and rose over time. In the 70-month CIRCLE observational study, pitavastatin increased HDL more than atorvastatin.[5][6] WP

It has neutral or possibly beneficial effects on glucose control. As a consequence, pitavastatin is likely to be appropriate for patients with metabolic syndrome plus high LDL, low HDL and diabetes mellitus.[7] WP⚠ Wikipedia itself has flagged this text: citation needed.

Risks and side effects

Side effects

Common statin-related side effects (headaches, stomach upset, abnormal liver function tests and muscle cramps) were similar to other statins. Pitavastatin is a lipophilic statin. Reports indicate that this statin may lead to fewer muscle side effects than other statins. One study found that coenzyme Q₁₀ was not reduced as much as with certain other statins (though this is unlikely given the inherent chemistry of the HMG-CoA reductase pathway that all statin drugs inhibit).[8–13] WP

There is evidence that pitavastatin does not increase insulin resistance in humans, with insulin resistance assessed by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) method.[14] WP

Hyperuricemia or increased levels of serum uric acid have been reported with pitavastatin.[15] WP

Research

Research

Synthetic lethality has been demonstrated in mice with triple-negative breast cancer by combining pitavastatin with the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 (capivasertib).[16] WP

History

History

Pitavastatin (previously known as itavastatin, itabavastin, nisvastatin, NK-104, or NKS-104) was discovered in Japan by Nissan Chemical Industries and developed further by Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Tokyo. Pitavastatin was approved for use in the United States by the FDA in August 2009, under the brand name Livalo. Pitavastatin has been also approved by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in UK in August 2010. Zypitamag (pitavastatin magnesium), a pharmaceutical alternative to Livalo, was approved for use in the United States by the FDA in 2017.[12] WP⚠ Wikipedia itself has flagged this text: citation needed.

Legal status

Brand names

Pitavastatin is marketed in the United States under the brand names Livalo and Zypitamag, and in the European Union and Russia under the brand name Livazo. WP⚠ Wikipedia itself has flagged this text: citation needed.

Chemistry

Formula

C25H24FNO4 PC

CAS number

147511-69-1 PC

Molar mass (g/mol)

421.5 PC

IUPAC name (computed by PubChem)

(E,3R,5S)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid PC

SMILES

C1CC1C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C(=C2/C=C/[C@H](C[C@H](CC(=O)O)O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F PC

InChIKey

VGYFMXBACGZSIL-MCBHFWOFSA-N PC

PubChem CID

5282452

Harm reduction information

No harm reduction data is on file for this compound yet. That means no dose, timing or combination data from PsychonautWiki or TripSit. Please don't guess a dose from similar compounds. If you have taken it and feel unwell, contact emergency services or a poison control center.

User reports

Pop culture

No references added yet.

Sources

1. Journal / agency Kajinami K, Takekoshi N, Saito Y. Pitavastatin: efficacy and safety profiles of a novel synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Cardiovascular Drug Reviews. 2003. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2003.tb00116.x · PMID 12931254
2. Other Fischer J, Ganellin CR. Analogue-based Drug Discovery. 2006
3. Other Zydus Cadila launches pitavastatin in India
4. Journal / agency Pitavastatin (Livalo)--the seventh statin. The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. July 2010. PMID 20651638
5. Journal / agency Teramoto T, Shimano H, Yokote K, Urashima M. Effects of pitavastatin (LIVALO Tablet) on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in hypercholesterolemia. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. October 2009. doi:10.5551/jat.1719 · PMID 19907105
6. Journal / agency Masana L. Pitavastatin in cardiometabolic disease: therapeutic profile. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 30 May 2013. doi:10.1186/1475-2840-12-S1-S2 · PMID 23819752 · PMC3668168
7. Journal / agency Arsh H, Ali A, Khenhrani RR, Simran F, Dino U, Tamang S, Manoj F, Bai S, Bai M, Panjwani GR, Kumar D, Rani D, Partab F, Malik J. Efficacy and Safety of Pitavastatin in Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance: An Updated Review. Current Problems in Cardiology. November 2023. doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101981 · PMID 37473935
8. Journal / agency Duggan ST. Pitavastatin: a review of its use in the management of hypercholesterolaemia or mixed dyslipidaemia. Drugs. March 2012. doi:10.2165/11207180-000000000-00000 · PMID 22356292
9. Journal / agency Sahebkar A, Kiaie N, Gorabi AM, Mannarino MR, Bianconi V, Jamialahmadi T, Pirro M, Banach M. A comprehensive review on the lipid and pleiotropic effects of pitavastatin. Progress in Lipid Research. November 2021. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101127 · PMID 34509516
10. Journal / agency Climent E, Benaiges D, Pedro-Botet J. Hydrophilic or Lipophilic Statins?. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 20 May 2021. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.687585 · PMID 34095267 · PMC8172607
11. Other Alternative Cholesterol-Lowering Drug for Patients Who Can't Tolerate Statins. 11 May 2013
12. Journal / agency Mukhtar RY, Reid J, Reckless JP. Pitavastatin. International Journal of Clinical Practice. February 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2005.00461.x · PMID 15854203
13. Journal / agency Kawashiri MA, Nohara A, Tada H, Mori M, Tsuchida M, Katsuda S, Inazu A, Kobayashi J, Koizumi J, Mabuchi H, Yamagishi M. Comparison of effects of pitavastatin and atorvastatin on plasma coenzyme Q10 in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: results from a crossover study. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. May 2008. doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100396 · PMID 17957184
14. Journal / agency Nakagomi A, Shibui T, Kohashi K, Kosugi M, Kusama Y, Atarashi H, Shimizu W. Differential Effects of Atorvastatin and Pitavastatin on Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Dyslipidemia. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. 2015. doi:10.5551/jat.29520 · PMID 26084792
15. Journal / agency Ogata N, Fujimori S, Oka Y, Kaneko K. Effects of three strong statins (atorvastatin, pitavastatin, and rosuvastatin) on serum uric acid levels in dyslipidemic patients. Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids. June 2010. doi:10.1080/15257771003741323 · PMID 20544514
16. Journal / agency Hillis AL, Martin TD, Manchester HE, Högström J, Zhang N, Lecky E, Kozlova N, Lee J, Persky NS, Root DE, Brown M, Cichowski K, Elledge SJ, Muranen T, Fruman DA. Targeting Cholesterol Biosynthesis with Statins Synergizes with AKT Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Research. October 2024. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-0970 · PMC11443248

Text and values on this page are quoted from Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0), PubChem (public domain). Each value links to the exact revision it came from.