Amanita muscaria
Also called Fly agaric, Fly amanita
Dosage
Oral bands as drawn from PsychonautWiki's ranges below. The table is the source of truth.
Oral
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Duration
Oral, drawn at the midpoint of each PsychonautWiki range.
Mixing
Acute combinations: what happens when these are taken close together. Entries backed by a medical journal or agency are listed first.
Backed by medical journals
Risks and toxicity
The LD₅₀ of muscimol in rat is 45mg/kg orally and in mice is 20mg/kg orally.[5] PW
Since muscimol and ibotenic acid are GABAA agonists, it may be harmful to combine it with other GABAergic depressants such as benzodiazepines or barbiturates. Ibotenic acid is also known to be a neurotoxin, acting via the NMDA receptor and metabotropic glutamate receptor. It is wise to dry amanitas in the oven or purchase pre-dried amanitas to ensure the ibotenic acid concentration is as low as possible. PW
One of the major dangers of Amanita muscaria is misidentifying it as a different species of mushroom. Several other mushrooms in the genus amanita are toxic. One such mushroom, the Amanita phalloides, better known as the death cap, contains α-amanitin and β-Amanitin, both of which are extremely potent RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase III inhibitors which damage virtually every tissue in the body. As the name suggests, the Amanita muscaria contains the chemical muscarine, a muscarinic acetylcholine agonist which is known to cause seizures; however, the mushroom contains very low amounts that are highly unlikely to pose any significant harm. PW
Amanita muscaria mushrooms are not known to be addictive or dependence-forming, and reports even show that desire to redose goes down with usage, though there is no research on this topic. PW
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this substance. PW
Testing
Effects
Overview
Amanita muscaria (also known as fly agaric or fly amanita) is a semi-psychoactive mushroom that grows widely in the northern hemisphere; such as in the Boreal region. It is noted for its hallucinogenic properties, which are derived from its primary psychoactive constituents ibotenic acid and muscimol. Muscimol is a potent selective agonist for the GABAA receptor that produces sedative, depressant and deliriant effects.[1] PW
The genus Amanita contains about 600 described species of agarics, including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide, as well as some well-regarded edible species (and many species of unknown edibility). The genus is responsible for 95% of fatalities resulting from mushroom poisoning, with the death cap accounting for 90% of fatalities every year. The most potent toxin synthesized by this genus is α-Amanitin.[2] WP
The genus also contains many edible mushrooms, but mycologists advice caution in selecting any of these for human consumption, due to the potentially lethal consequences of misidentification. Nonetheless, in some cultures, the larger local edible species of Amanita are mainstays of the markets in the local growing season. Samples of this are Amanita zambiana and other fleshy species in central Africa, A. basii and similar species in Mexico, A. caesarea and the "Blusher" A. rubescens in Europe, and A. chepangiana in Southeast Asia. Other species are used for colouring sauces, such as the red A. jacksonii, with a range from eastern Canada to eastern Mexico. WP
North American members of this genus have been recorded as main food of the pleasing fungus beetle Tritoma biguttata. Unspecified Amanita were also found associated with the related T. atriventris, but it does not seem to be a regular food source for that beetle species.[3]
History
Legal status
- Amanita muscaria grows naturally and is legal to grow, sell and consume in most parts of the world. It is, however, restricted in some countries. PW
- Australia: The muscimol present in Amanita muscaria is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (October 2015). A Schedule 9 substance is a substance which may be abused or misused and the manufacture, possession, sale or use of is prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or State or Territory Health Authorities.[6] PW
- Netherlands: Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina are illegal to buy, sell, or possess since December 2008. Possession of amounts larger than 0.5 g dried or 5 g fresh lead to a criminal charge.[7] PW
- Sweden: Muscimol is considered a Swedish schedule I substance by Narkotikastrafflagen (Narcotic Drugs Punishments Act) as of December 30, 2025.[8] PW
- United Kingdom: It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.[9] PW
Pharmacology
Chemistry
User reports
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References
- Journal / agency Frolund, B., Ebert, B., Kristiansen, U., Liljefors, T., Krogsgaard-Larsen, P. GABA-A Receptor Ligands and their Therapeutic Potentials. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
- Journal / agency Moor-Smith, Maxwell; Li, Raymond; Ahmad, Omar. The world's most poisonous mushroom, Amanita phalloides, is growing in BC. British Columbia Medical Journal. 2019
- Other Goodrich, Michael A. and Springer, Charles A. (1999): The Pleasing Fungus Beetles (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) of Nebraska. Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 25: 53-71.Fulltext
- Other Goodrich, Michael A. & Skelley, Paul E. (1994): Fungal host records for species of Tritoma (Coleoptera: Erotylidae) of America North of Mexico. Entomol. News 105: 289-294. PDF fulltext
- Other https://www.caymanchem.com/msdss/13667m.pdf
- Other Poisons Standard October 2015
- Other wetten.nl - Regeling - Opiumwet - BWBR0001941
- Other Föreskrifter om ändring i Läkemedelsverkets föreskrifter (LVFS 2011:10) om förteckningar över narkotika: HSLF-FS 2025:73
- Other Psychoactive Substances Act 2016
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