Substituted tryptamines

Overview

Substituted tryptamines (or simply tryptamines) are a group of organic compounds that are based upon the tryptamine core structure. The class is composed of all the derivative compounds which can be formed by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in the tryptamine core structure with other substituents. Natural tryptamines are found in most plants and animals, forming from the decarboxylation of the amino acid tryptophan.[1] PW

Substituted tryptamines, or simply tryptamines, also known as serotonin analogues (i.e., 5-hydroxytryptamine analogues), are organic compounds which may be thought of as being derived from tryptamine itself. The molecular structures of all tryptamines contain an indole ring system, joined to an amino (NH₂) group via an ethyl (−CH2–CH2−) sidechain. In substituted tryptamines, the indole ring, sidechain, and/or amino group are modified by substituting another group for one of the hydrogen (H) atoms. WP

Well-known tryptamines include serotonin, an important neurotransmitter, and melatonin, a hormone involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Tryptamine alkaloids are found in fungi, plants and animals; and sometimes used by humans for the neurological or psychotropic effects of the substance. Prominent examples of tryptamine alkaloids include psilocybin (from "psilocybin mushrooms") and DMT. In South America, dimethyltryptamine is obtained from numerous plant sources, like chacruna, and it is often used in ayahuasca brews. Many synthetic tryptamines have also been made, including the migraine drug sumatriptan, and psychedelic drugs. A 2022 study has found the variety of tryptamines present in wild mushrooms may affect the therapeutic impact.[2] WP

The tryptamine structure, in particular its indole ring, may be part of the structure of some more complex compounds, for example cyclized tryptamines like LSD, ibogaine, harmaline, mitragynine and yohimbine. A thorough investigation of dozens of tryptamine compounds was published by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin in 1997 under the title TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved).[3] WP

References

1. Journal / agency Tryptamines
2. Other Chemistry, University of; Prague, Technology. Concentrations of psychoactive compounds in mushrooms found to be extremely variable
3. Other CiteTiHKAL

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