Regular insulin
Overview
Regular insulin, also known as neutral insulin and soluble insulin, is a type of short-acting medical insulin. It is used to treat type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states. It is also used along with glucose to treat high blood potassium levels. Typically it is given by injection under the skin, but may also be used by injection into a vein or muscle. Onset of effect is typically in 30 minutes and it typically lasts for 8 hours.[1]
The common side effect is low blood sugar. Other side effects may include pain or skin changes at the sites of injection, low blood potassium, and allergic reactions. Use during pregnancy is relatively safe for the baby. Regular insulin can be made from the pancreas of pigs or cows. Human versions can be made either by modifying pig versions or recombinant technology.[1]
Insulin was first used as a medication in Canada by Charles Best and Frederick Banting in 1922. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2017, it was the 209th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions. Versions are also available mixed with longer-acting versions of insulin, such as NPH insulin. In 2020, the combination of human insulin with insulin isophane was the 246th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.[1]
Uses, dosage and effects
Medical uses
Regular insulin is used for the long-term management of diabetes. It is the treatment of choice for the two diabetic emergencies diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states. It may also be used in combination with glucose to lower potassium levels in those with hyperkalemia.[2]
Risks and side effects
Side effects
Side effects may include: low blood sugar levels, skin reactions at the site of injection and low potassium levels among others.[2] WP
Chemistry
Harm reduction information
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Sources
- Other British national formulary: BNF 69. 2015
- Other American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Insulin Human
- Journal / agency Mahoney BA, Smith WA, Lo DS, Tsoi K, Tonelli M, Clase CM. Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. April 2005. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2 · PMID 15846652 · PMC6457842
- Other Fleishman JL, Kohler JS, Schindler S. Casebook for The Foundation a Great American Secret. 2009
- Other World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. 2019
- Other Insulin Human - Drug Usage Statistics
- Other The Top 300 of 2020
- Other Insulin Human; Insulin Isophane Human - Drug Usage Statistics
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