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Plant or preparation · Other

Peganum harmala

Also called Espand, Esfand, Syrian rue

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Dosage

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Duration

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Mixing

Acute combinations: what happens when these are taken close together. Entries backed by a medical journal or agency are listed first.

Backed by medical journals

  • Desoxypeganine[2] PW⚠ PsychonautWiki lists this combination without a danger rating.
  • Harmaline[3] PW⚠ PsychonautWiki lists this combination without a danger rating.
  • Harmine[3] PW⚠ PsychonautWiki lists this combination without a danger rating.
  • Harmol[3] PW⚠ PsychonautWiki lists this combination without a danger rating.
  • Vasicine (possible)[4] PW⚠ PsychonautWiki lists this combination without a danger rating.

Risks and toxicity

Cholinergics

Cholinergic substances combined with Peganum harmala can cause a cholinergic crisis because the plant contains several acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs): PW

Drug use in pregnancy

Peganum harmala can induce miscarriage. It has traditionally been used as an abortifacient agent in Morocco, North Africa, and the Middle East. It is believed that quinazoline alkaloids such as vasicine and vasicinone are responsible for the abortifacient activity of the plant.[5][6] PW

Testing

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Effects

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Overview

Peganum harmala, commonly called Syrian rue, harmel, espand, esfand, wild rue, African rue, or aspand, is a plant native to the eastern Iranian region west to India. It has also spread invasively throughout Arizona, California, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Texas and Washington. The plant itself produces seeds which contain harmala alkaloids and is easily accessible and legal to purchase online.[1] PW

History

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Pharmacology

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Chemistry

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User reports

Erowid erowid.org

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Pop culture

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References

  1. Other USDA Plants Database
  2. Journal / agency Kubo, M., Esumi, T., Imagawa, H., Fukuyama, Y. Chemical Diversity of Vibsane-Type Diterpenoids and Neurotrophic Activity and Synthesis of Neovibsanin. 2014. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63430-6.00002-3
  3. Journal / agency Zheng, X., Zhang, Z., Chou, G., Wu, T., Cheng, X., Wang, C., Wang, Z. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitive activity-guided isolation of two new alkaloids from seeds of Peganum nigellastrum Bunge by an in vitro TLC- bioautographic assay. Archives of Pharmacal Research. September 2009. doi:10.1007/s12272-009-1910-x
  4. Journal / agency Liu, W., Shi, X., Yang, Y., Cheng, X., Liu, Q., Han, H., Yang, B., He, C., Wang, Y., Jiang, B., Wang, Z., Wang, C. In Vitro and In Vivo Metabolism and Inhibitory Activities of Vasicine, a Potent Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor. PLOS ONE. 7 April 2015. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122366
  5. Journal / agency Berdai, M. A., Labib, S., Harandou, M. Peganum harmala L. Intoxication in a Pregnant Woman. Case Reports in Emergency Medicine. 14 May 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/783236
  6. Journal / agency Zygophyllaceae - an overview, ScienceDirect Topics

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