Morning glory

Effects

Overview

Morning glory (also written as morning-glory) is the common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae that belong to many genera, whose current taxonomy and systematics are in flux. PW

Morning glory (also written as morning-glory) is the common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, whose taxonomy and systematics remain in flux. These species are distributed across numerous genera, including:[1] WP

Argyreia[1] WP

Astripomoea[1] WP

Calystegia[1] WP

Convolvulus[1] WP

Ipomoea (the largest genus)[1] WP

Lepistemon[1] WP

Merremia[1] WP

Operculina[1] WP

Rivea[1] WP

Stictocardia[1] WP

Ipomoea tricolor, also commonly known simply as "morning glory", is the archetypical species for the group and is known by names such as 'Heavenly Blue', 'Flying Saucers', and 'Pearly Gates'. WP

As the name suggests, most morning glory flowers open early in the day, (at about 8:00 AM) and begin to fade by late morning, as the corolla starts to curl inward. They thrive in full sun and prefer mesic soils. While many species are known for their diurnal blooming pattern, some, such as Ipomoea muricata, Ipomoea alba, and Ipomoea macrorhiza, produce night-blooming flowers. WP

Morning glory species were historically used in China for their laxative seeds, by ancient Mesoamericans to vulcanize rubber with their sulfur-rich juice, and by Aztec priests for hallucinogenic purposes. Morning glories can become serious invasive weeds in places like Australia and the United States, where they spread rapidly, smother native plants, and are often regulated or banned due to their negative impact on agriculture and ecosystems. WP

Morning glories are fast-growing, twining plants often grown as perennial plants in frost-free areas and annual plants in colder climates, valued for their attractive flowers and shade-providing vines, with a long history of cultivation and selective breeding especially in Japan since the 8th century. Ipomoea aquatica, known as water spinach or water morning glory, is widely used as a green vegetable in East and Southeast Asian cuisines, though it is regulated as a noxious weed in the United States, while the genus Ipomoea also includes sweet potatoes, sometimes called tuberous morning glories. The seeds of various morning glory species contain ergoline alkaloids like ergine (LSA) and isoergine, which are structurally related to LSD and can produce psychedelic effects lasting 4 to 10 hours when ingested in sufficient quantities. WP

History

History

Ipomoea nil, a species of morning glory, was first known in China for its medicinal uses, due to the laxative properties of its seeds. WP

Ancient Mesoamerican civilizations used the morning glory species Ipomoea alba to convert the latex from the Castilla elastica tree and also the guayule plant to produce bouncing rubber balls. The sulfur in the morning glory's juice served to vulcanize the rubber, a process antedating Charles Goodyear's discovery by at least 3,000 years. Aztec priests in Mexico were also known to use the plant's hallucinogenic properties (see Rivea corymbosa).[2][3] WP

Legal status

United states

As of 2021, most non-native species of Ipomoea are currently illegal to cultivate, possess, and sell in the U.S. state of Arizona, and before 4 January 2020, this ban applied to native species, too. This is because some species of Convolvulaceae (like Convolvulus arvensis and Ipomoea × leucantha) have been known to cause problems in crops, especially in cotton fields.[4][5] WP

Ipomoea aquatica is a federal noxious weed. Though some states do not adhere to this regulation; it can be illegal to grow, import, possess, or sell without a permit. However, Texas has acknowledged its status as a vegetable and allows it to be grown.[6][7] WP

Pharmacology

Chemistry

Pop culture

No references added yet.

References

1. Other BSBI 2007
2. Journal / agency Hosler, Dorothy; Burkett, Sandra L.; Tarkanian, Michael J. Prehistoric Polymers: Rubber Processing in Ancient Mesoamerica. Science. 18 June 1999. doi:10.1126/science.284.5422.1988 · PMID 10373117
3. Other Rubber processed in ancient Mesoamerica, MIT researchers find. 14 July 1999
4. Other Why We Can't Sell Native Morning Glories
5. Other The Curious Case of Arizona's Morning Glories (Ipomoea spp.)
6. Other USDA weed factsheet
7. Other Texas Register - The Portal to Texas History

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