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Drug class · Topic

Antidepressants

Original Wikipedia articleen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressant revision used (24 October 2026)

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Overview

Antidepressants are a class of psychoactive substances that are prescribed to treat psychiatric disorders, most commonly major depressive disorder and some forms of anxiety disorders. PW

Antidepressants, also known in the past as psychic energizers, are a class of medications used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and addiction.[1][2] WP

Common side effects of antidepressants include dry mouth, weight gain, dizziness, headaches, akathisia, sexual dysfunction, and emotional blunting. There is an increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior when taken by children, adolescents, and young adults. Discontinuation syndrome, which resembles recurrent depression in the case of the SSRI class, may occur after stopping the intake of any antidepressant, having effects which may be permanent and irreversible. Tapering off medications gradually is shown to reduce the risk of withdrawal complications.[3–14] WP

The effectiveness of antidepressants for treating depression in adults has strong support, though studies also highlight potential risks and limitations. In children and adolescents, evidence of efficacy is more limited, despite a marked increase in antidepressant prescriptions for these age groups since the 2000s. A 2018 meta-analysis reported that the 21 most commonly prescribed antidepressants were found in all studies to be more effective than placebos for the short-term treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. However, other research suggests that some benefits may be attributable to the placebo effect. Response to antidepressants is highly variable, and medications that are effective for certain patients may have no effect or a negative effect for others. Research into the factors that influence individual responses to antidepressants is ongoing. ‌[15–24] WP

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References

  1. Journal / agency Ghaemi SN. A New Nomenclature for Psychotropic Drugs. J Clin Psychopharmacol. August 2015. doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000000341 · PMID 26020461
  2. Journal / agency Jennings L. Clinical Psychopharmacology for Neurologists. 2018. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74604-3_4
  3. Other Ghaemi SN. Clinical Psychopharmacology: Principles and Practice. 2019
  4. Journal / agency Healy D, Le Noury J, Mangin D. Enduring sexual dysfunction after treatment with antidepressants, 5α-reductase inhibitors and isotretinoin: 300 cases. The International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine. May 2018. doi:10.3233/JRS-180744 · PMID 29733030 · PMC6004900
  5. Journal / agency Bahrick AS. Persistence of Sexual Dysfunction Side Effects after Discontinuation of Antidepressant Medications: Emerging Evidence. The Open Psychology Journal. 2008. doi:10.2174/1874350100801010042
  6. Journal / agency Taylor MJ, Rudkin L, Bullemor-Day P, Lubin J, Chukwujekwu C, Hawton K. Strategies for managing sexual dysfunction induced by antidepressant medication. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. May 2013. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003382.pub3 · PMID 23728643 · PMC12052305
  7. Journal / agency Kennedy SH, Rizvi S. Sexual dysfunction, depression, and the impact of antidepressants. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. April 2009. doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e31819c76e9 · PMID 19512977
  8. Journal / agency Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI); selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) – Persistent sexual dysfunction after drug withdrawal (EPITT no 19277), 11 June 20191, EMA/PRAC/265221/2019, Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC)
  9. Journal / agency Sansone RA, Sansone LA. SSRI-Induced Indifference. Psychiatry. October 2010. PMID 21103140 · PMC2989833
  10. Other Is your antidepressant making life a little too blah?. 8 November 2016
  11. Other Half of Patients on Antidepressants Experience Emotional Blunting. 19 June 2017
  12. Journal / agency Revisions to Product Labeling
  13. Journal / agency Wilson E, Lader M. A review of the management of antidepressant discontinuation symptoms. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology. December 2015. doi:10.1177/2045125315612334 · PMID 26834969 · PMC4722507
  14. Journal / agency Gabriel M, Sharma V. Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome. CMAJ. May 2017. doi:10.1503/cmaj.160991 · PMID 28554948 · PMC5449237
  15. Journal / agency Barth M, Kriston L, Klostermann S, Barbui C, Cipriani A, Linde K. Efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and adverse events: meta-regression and mediation analysis of placebo-controlled trials. The British Journal of Psychiatry. February 2016. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.150136 · PMID 26834168
  16. Journal / agency Jakobsen JC, Gluud C, Kirsch I. Should antidepressants be used for major depressive disorder?. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. August 2020. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2019-111238 · PMID 31554608 · PMC7418603
  17. Journal / agency Cipriani A, Zhou X, Del Giovane C, Hetrick SE, Qin B, Whittington C, Coghill D, Zhang Y, Hazell P, Leucht S, Cuijpers P, Pu J, Cohen D, Ravindran AV, Liu Y, Michael KD, Yang L, Liu L, Xie P. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis. Lancet. August 2016. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30385-3 · PMID 27289172
  18. Journal / agency Safer DJ, Zito JM. Short- and Long-Term Antidepressant Clinical Trials for Major Depressive Disorder in Youth: Findings and Concerns. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2019. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00705 · PMID 31681028 · PMC6797591
  19. Journal / agency Hengartner MP. Editorial: Antidepressant Prescriptions in Children and Adolescents. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.600283 · PMID 33192742 · PMC7661954
  20. Journal / agency The most effective antidepressants for adults revealed in major review. NIHR Evidence. 3 April 2018. doi:10.3310/signal-00580
  21. Journal / agency Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, Chaimani A, Atkinson LZ, Ogawa Y, Leucht S, Ruhe HG, Turner EH, Higgins JP, Egger M, Takeshima N, Hayasaka Y, Imai H, Shinohara K, Tajika A, Ioannidis JP, Geddes JR. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of twenty-one antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. April 2018. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32802-7 · PMID 29477251 · PMC5889788
  22. Journal / agency Kirsch I. Antidepressants and the Placebo Effect. Zeitschrift für Psychologie. January 2014. doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000176 · PMID 25279271 · PMC4172306
  23. Journal / agency Turner EH, Rosenthal R. Efficacy of antidepressants. The BMJ. March 2008. doi:10.1136/bmj.39510.531597.80 · PMID 18319297 · PMC2265347
  24. Journal / agency Penn, Elizabeth, and Derek K. Tracy. "The Drugs Don't Work? Antidepressants and the Current and Future Pharmacological Management of Depression." Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology, vol. 2, no. 5, 30 Apr. 2012, pp. 179–188, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3736946/

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