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Alkaloid

Akuammicine

One of the alkaloids in akuamma (Picralima nitida) seeds. There are no human studies of it on its own.

Overview

Akuammicine is one of at least five major alkaloids in akuamma (Picralima nitida) seed. [1]

How it acts

A 1998 study found akuammicine had its highest affinity for kappa opioid sites (Ki 0.2 μM). It was a full kappa agonist in guinea pig ileum but a partial kappa agonist in mouse and rabbit vas deferens. [2]

A 2021 study found it was a potent kappa opioid receptor agonist, with a Ki of 89 nM and a cAMP IC50 of 240 nM, and showed minimal activity at the mu opioid receptor. [3]

On harm reduction sites

PsychonautWiki lists akuammicine, with Picralima nitida (Akuamma) as its source, under κ-opioid receptor agonists in the Dissociatives part of its “Naturally occurring sources” page. [4]

Dosage

Awaiting sourceNo human dose for Akuammicine from a harm reduction site or a journal. Animal doses on this page are not human doses.

References

  1. Journal / agency Gour A, Creed SM, Riley AP, Sharma A. Comprehensive pharmacokinetics and ADME evaluation of Akuamma alkaloids. Journal of Chromatography B. 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124713 · PMID 40582228 Copyrighted, not open licence: restated in our words, not quoted. Rat and cell studies.
  2. Journal / agency Menzies JR, Paterson SJ, Duwiejua M, Corbett AD. Opioid activity of alkaloids extracted from Picralima nitida (fam. Apocynaceae). European Journal of Pharmacology. 1998. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00232-5 · PMID 9683021 Copyrighted, not open licence: restated in our words, not quoted. Lab (isolated tissue and binding) study.
  3. Journal / agency Creed SM, Gutridge AM, Argade MD, Hennessy MR, Friesen JB, Pauli GF, van Rijn RM, Riley AP. Isolation and Pharmacological Characterization of Six Opioidergic Picralima nitida Alkaloids. Journal of Natural Products. 2021. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01036 · PMID 33326237 Copyrighted, not open licence: restated in our words, not quoted. Lab and mouse studies.
  4. Harm reduction site PsychonautWiki contributors. Naturally occurring sources. PsychonautWiki. revision 170376, read 2026-10-31. https://psychonautwiki.org/w/index.php?oldid=170376 CC BY-SA 4.0. Lists the alkaloid by name only.

Read 31 October 2026. No harm reduction site has a full akuammicine article.